Japan
The BoJ’s estimate of the output gap was -0.5% in Q3, remarkably similar to the Cabinet Office estimate of -0.4% for the same quarter. The Cabinet Office has projected a positive output gap of +0.4% for the fiscal year starting in April 2025, marking the first positive annual output gap in seven years if realised. It is notable, however, that the recent run-up in inflation was largely disconnected from domestic demand pressures, instead reflecting imported inflation due to a weaker yen.
Australia
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